First Aid Reference

Common first aid scenario handling, life-saving knowledge for critical moments.

Emergency Center:120

Police:110

Fire & Rescue:119

Red Cross:999

Burns & Scalds

Minor Burns & Scalds

Minor

1Immediately flush the wound with running cold water for 15-20 minutes

2Do not apply ice directly to the wound

3Gently remove clothing and jewelry from the affected area

4Do not pop blisters

5Cover loosely with clean gauze

6Apply burn ointment; do not apply toothpaste, soy sauce, etc.

Do not apply toothpaste, soy sauce, or cooking oil, as this increases infection risk

Severe Burns & Scalds

Severe

1Call emergency services (911/120) immediately

2Do not forcibly remove clothing stuck to the wound

3Cover the wound with clean cloth

4Do not apply any medication to the wound

5Lay the victim flat and elevate the injured area

6Monitor breathing and consciousness closely

Large-area burns may cause shock; keep the victim warm

Bleeding

Traumatic Bleeding

urgent

1Apply direct pressure to the wound with clean gauze or cloth

2Maintain pressure for at least 10 minutes without frequent checking

3If blood soaks through, do not remove; add another layer and continue pressing

4Elevate the bleeding area above heart level

5Seek immediate medical attention if bleeding does not stop

Do not use a tourniquet unless professionally trained

Nosebleed

Common

1Have the patient sit upright with head tilted slightly forward

2Pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes

3Breathe through the mouth

4Apply a cold compress to the bridge of the nose and forehead

5Do not tilt head back or lie flat, to prevent blood flowing into the airway

Seek medical attention if nosebleed lasts over 20 minutes or recurs frequently

Choking

Heimlich Maneuver (Adult)

urgent

1Stand behind the patient and wrap your arms around their waist

2Make a fist with one hand and place it just above the navel

3Grasp the fist with your other hand and thrust sharply upward and inward

4Repeat thrusts until the object is expelled

5Each thrust should be forceful and quick

If the patient loses consciousness, begin CPR immediately

Heimlich Maneuver (Infant)

urgent

1Place the infant face-down on your forearm, head lower than chest

2Support the infant's jaw with your hand; do not squeeze the neck

3Deliver 5 back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand

4If not expelled, turn the infant face-up and give 5 chest thrusts with two fingers

5Alternate between back blows and chest thrusts

Never shake the infant upside down

CPR

Adult CPR

urgent

1Confirm scene safety

2Tap shoulders and shout to check consciousness

3If no response, call 120 immediately and get AED

4Watch chest rise to check breathing (within 10 seconds)

5If no/abnormal breathing, start chest compressions

6Compression point: center of chest between nipples

7Compression depth 5-6cm, rate 100-120 per minute

8After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths

9Continue until help arrives or patient recovers

Hands-only CPR is acceptable if unwilling to do rescue breaths

Fracture

Fracture Care

urgent

1Do not move the injured area

2Immobilize the joints above and below the fracture with a board or stiff cardboard

3Pad with soft cloth when immobilizing to prevent pressure

4Check for sensation and pulse beyond the fracture site

5Do not push protruding bone back in an open fracture

6Cover the wound with a clean cloth and apply pressure to stop bleeding

7Seek medical attention immediately

Do not try to realign the fracture; it may cause secondary injury

Poisoning

Food Poisoning

urgent

1Stop eating the suspicious food immediately

2Keep samples of remaining food and vomit

3If conscious, drink plenty of water to dilute

4Do not induce vomiting on your own (especially if corrosive substances were ingested)

5Record the time of eating and when symptoms appeared

6Seek medical attention immediately or call 120

Do not take anti-diarrheal or emetic medication on your own

Animal Bites

Dog/Cat Bite

urgent

1Rinse the wound alternately with soap and running water for 15 minutes

2Disinfect the wound with povidone-iodine

3Do not bandage the wound; keep it open

4Go to the hospital promptly for a rabies vaccine

5Record the characteristics and whereabouts of the biting animal

6If the wound is deep, a tetanus shot is required

Rabies is nearly 100% fatal; vaccination is mandatory after a bite

Heatstroke

Heatstroke Care

urgent

1Quickly move the patient to a cool, ventilated place

2Loosen clothing to help cool down

3Wipe the body with a wet towel or spray with cold water

4Place ice packs on the neck, armpits, and groin

5If conscious, drink light salt water in small amounts frequently

6If unconscious, do not give water; seek medical attention immediately

Heatstroke is the most severe form of heat illness and can be life-threatening

Disclaimer

This content is for general reference only and is not a substitute for professional medical care. In an emergency, call your local emergency number immediately.