Linux Commands Cheatsheet

Common Linux commands cheatsheet, categorized browsing by scenario.

File Operations 14

ls -laList all files (hidden)

cd <dir>Change directory

pwdShow current path

cp -r <src> <dest>Recursively replicate directories

mv <src> <dest>Move/Rename Files

rm -rf <dir>Force recursive deletion of directories

mkdir -p <path>Recursively create directories

touch <file>Create an empty file

ln -s <target> <link>Create softlink

find <dir> -name "<pattern>"Find files by name

locate <pattern>Quickly locate file paths

tree -L 2Tree Display Catalog Structure

du -sh <dir>View Catalog Size

df -hView Disk Usage

Text Processing 12

cat <file>View File Contents

head -n 20 <file>View first 20 rows

tail -f <file>Real-Time Tracking End of File

grep -rn "<pattern>" <dir>Recursive Search Text

sed -i "s/old/new/g" <file>Replace text in place

awk '{print $1}' <file>Extract first column

sort -u <file>Sort and Deduplicate

uniq -c <file>Statistical duplicate rows

wc -l <file>Number of statistical rows

diff <f1> <f2>Compare file differences

cut -d"," -f1 <file>Extract columns by separator

tr "a-z" "A-Z" < <file>Toggle case

Process Management 9

ps auxView all processes

topReal-time process monitoring

htopEnhanced Process Monitoring

kill -9 <pid>Force termination process

killall <name>Terminate process by name

bg / fgBackend/Frontend Switching

nohup <cmd> &The background does not hang up

lsof -i :<port>View Port Occupancy Process

nice -n 10 <cmd>Renice Process

Network Tools 11

ping <host>Test network connectivity

curl -O <url>Download file

wget <url>Download file

ssh user@hostSSH Remote Login

scp <file> user@host:<path>Remote copy of files

netstat -tlnpView Listening Port

ss -tlnpView Listening Ports (New Version)

nslookup <domain>DNS query

dig <domain>DNS Detail Query

ifconfig / ip aView Network Interface

traceroute <host>Traceroute

Permission Management 6

chmod 755 <file>Modify file permissions

chmod +x <file>Add Execution Permission

chown user:group <file>Modify Document Owner

umask 022Set Default Permission Mask

sudo <cmd>Execute as Admin

su - <user>Switch user

Package Management 6

apt install <pkg>Install package (Debian/Ubuntu)

apt update && apt upgradeUpdate all packages

yum install <pkg>Installation Kit (CentOS/RHEL)

dnf install <pkg>Install Package (Fedora)

pacman -S <pkg>Install Package (Arch)

brew install <pkg>Install package (macOS)

Compression/Decompression 8

tar -czf <a>.tar.gz <dir>Compress to tar.gz

tar -xzf <a>.tar.gzUnzip tar.gz

tar -cjf <a>.tar.bz2 <dir>Compressed to tar.bz2

tar -xjf <a>.tar.bz2Unzip tar.bz2

zip -r <a>.zip <dir>Archive Zip

unzip <a>.zipUnzip zip

gzip <file>Compress to gz

gunzip <file>.gzUnzip gz

System Info 8

uname -aView System Information

uptimeView Uptime

free -hView Memory Usage

cat /proc/cpuinfoView CPU Information

lsblkView Block Devices

mount / umountMounting & & Unmounting

systemctl status <service>View service status

journalctl -u <service>View Service Log